• In addition to acting as the gatekeeper for the

  2021-12-24

  

  In addition to acting as the gatekeeper for the metabolic and antioxidant roles of glucose, HKs have also been found to regulate mPTP opening directly. First described in the cancer field, the high-affinity HK isoforms HK1 and HK2 are strongly anti-apoptotic when bound to the outer mitochondrial mem

• Two distinct mechanisms have been described

  2021-12-24

  

  Two distinct mechanisms have been described for niacin’s macrophage-based actions [21,22]. First, niacin blocks recruitment of macrophages to atherosclerotic lesions. Second, niacin upregulates macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Upregulation of choles

• The physiological role of lactate

  2021-12-24

  

  The physiological role of lactate-induced antilipolytic effects is less clear. It has been speculated that GPR81 mediates the inhibition of lipolysis during intensive exercise, a condition which results in high systemic lactate plasma concentrations 9, 10. Owing to oxygen shortage resulting from int

• Human GPR hGPR was originally isolated in as

  2021-12-24

  

  Human GPR55 (hGPR55) was originally isolated in 1999 as an orphan GPCR with high levels of expression in human striatum (Sawzdargo et al., 1999) (Genbank accession # NM_005683.3). hGPR55 was mapped to human chromosome 2q37, and in the human CNS it is predominantly localized to the caudate, putamen,

• The first hypothesis better fertility in heifers that had CL

  2021-12-24

  

  The first hypothesis, better fertility in heifers that had CL at day 0, was clearly supported by our results. Heifers with a CL had over 60% P/AI compared to ∼50% in heifers without CL. These results are consistent with several other studies reporting that cycling heifers have greater fertility than

• To further investigate the molecular

  2021-12-24

  

  To further investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie glycine's β-cell protective effects through its antioxidative activity in diabetes, we used a H2O2/high glucose-induced apoptosis cell model. Similar effects on ROS generation of high glucose and H2O2 support the in vivo results, suggesti

• The unique mechanism of EAAT anion channel gating

  2021-12-24

  

  The unique mechanism of EAAT anion channel gating results in neuronal or glial anion conductances that follow changes in substrate concentrations and thus allow feedback control of glutamate release (Wersinger et al., 2006) or modification of GABAergic postsynaptic currents by glutamatergic signals

• br Introduction Glucokinase GCK hexokinase IV is a

  2021-12-24

  

  Introduction Glucokinase (GCK, hexokinase IV) is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, the first and rate-limiting step of glycolysis in the liver and pancreas [1,2]. GCK was first discovered in the early 1960's, and shortly thereafter i

• Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue

  2021-12-24

  

  Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue as early as 1965 (Samols et al., 1965). Our studies extend these findings by demonstrating that this is a direct effect mediated by distinct receptors in the mouse pancreas. Previous experiments on isolated β n acetylneuraminic acid clearly show tha

• In mammals a major physiological

  2021-12-24

  

  In mammals, a major physiological role of the GHSR gene appears to be in regulating food intake and energy homeostasis by partaking in the neuronal mechanisms involving neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein (Nakazato et al., 2001, Chen et al., 2017). In our study, determination of the abundance

• The ability of the vasculature to determine the

  2021-12-23

  

  The ability of the vasculature to determine the nature and magnitude of a stimulus is essential for the appropriate and proportionate response. The vascular response to injury include rapid changes to blood flow to reduce the loss of blood, followed by increased contact with the sub-endothelial laye

• To our knowledge the putative role of ET and

  2021-12-23

  

  To our knowledge, the putative role of ET-1 and ETB-R in oligodendroglioma progression was not documented so far. Using primary cultures of grade B oligodendroglial tumor cells, we have here assessed the functionality of ETB-R expression in these tumors. Confocal microscopy analysis confirmed the st

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Lung cancer is a common b

  2021-12-23

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Lung cancer is a common but extremely perilous cancer, with approximately 733,000 new incidences reported annually in China [1]. Lung cancer ranks highest in the causes of tumor-related mortality, accounting for approximately one quarter of all cancer deaths [2]. N

• the full details It has been proposed that HCA may

  2021-12-23

  

  It has been proposed that HCA1 may be a better target than HCA2 to treat dyslipidemia and to prevent progression of atherosclerosis, because HCA1 is less widely expressed, and HCA1 activation does not result in flushing. However, since the antilipolytic effects mediated by HCA2 appear to be not the

• For several years CXCL had been classified as an

  2021-12-23

  

  For several years, CXCL17 had been classified as an orphan chemokine, until Maravillas-Montero et al. claimed that orphan G-coupled protein receptor GPR35 is the receptor of CXCL17 [15], [16]. However, no following research has been produced to further explore the function of the CXCL17-CXCR8 (GPR3

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