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br STAR Methods br Introduction Glycosylation is
2021-09-11

STAR★Methods Introduction Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications of proteins. It not only plays major roles in folding, transport and localization of proteins [1], but also regulates various biological processes such as cell growth, viral replication and im
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caffeic acid br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is
2021-09-11

Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi
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Z-Ligustilide br Introduction As is now well known obesity i
2021-09-11

Introduction As is now well known, obesity is major risk factor for various diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, some cancers (McWilliams and Petersen, 2009), type-2 diabetes mellitus (Jakobsen et al., 2007), and hypertension (Aneja et al., 2004), among other
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GSTs have been originally named ligandins because
2021-09-11

GSTs have been originally named ‘ligandins’ because of their capacity to bind large ligand molecules (of molecular weight >400 Da) (Oakley et al., 1999). At least three separate AEBSF have been reported for xenobiotics within the H-site; only one is for CDNB (Ralat and Colman, 2004). Usually, the n
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ABT-263 GPR detection by reverse transcription polymerase ch
2021-09-11

GPR35 detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA of cultured DRG neurons was extracted using the RNAqueous kit (Ambion). Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from 1μg of isolated total RNA with SuperScript III reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen). An aliquot o
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This evidence suggests that the human cochlea
2021-09-11

This evidence suggests that the human cochlea is equipped with antigen presenting macrophages as well as T lymphocytes that execute cytotoxic and immune mediation function. In an animal study, following acoustic overstimulation, Yang et al. (2015) found infiltration of macrophages into the region of
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br Specificity of CD T cells and their role
2021-09-11

Specificity of CD4 T cells and their role in flavivirus neutralizing antibody responses CD4 T cells recognize peptides that are proteolytically processed from protein antigens and presented by MHC class II molecules on the surface of specialized antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells o
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br Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro
2021-09-11

Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp
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In addition to the increase of extracellular glutamate ICH c
2021-09-11

In addition to the increase of extracellular glutamate, ICH can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Although the products of red blood cell lysis and plasma components, as well as the excitotoxic effect of glutamate have been to increase oxidative damage (
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Traditional methods for HATs activity assays mainly
2021-09-10

Traditional methods for HATs activity assays mainly depend on radioisotope labelling of histone substrates, which is limited by the complex procedures, hazards and wastes of radioactive materials. Hence, various alternative approaches such as electrochemical analysis, fluorescence and colorimetric a
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br Introduction Histamine stored in mast cells and
2021-09-10

Introduction Histamine stored in mast cells and basophils has been recognized as one of the most critical mediators in allergic reactions and plays an important role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, nasal itch, pain, rhinorrhea, and congestion [1], [2]. It i
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Hypoxia HIF and Inflammation Cellular responses to hypoxia a
2021-09-10

Hypoxia, HIF, and Inflammation Cellular responses to hypoxia are essential for life and are now recognized to be dysregulated in a wide range of disease processes. The key players in these pathways are a family of transcription factors, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; see Glossary), as well as
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br Authors contribution br Funding sources This study
2021-09-10

Authors' contribution Funding sources This study was supported by CDC intramural funding. Publication costs are funded by an internal program of CDC. MAT was supported by funds from the Association of Public Health Laboratories and CDC (APHL–CDC) Bioinformatics Fellowship Program. Competing
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Recent studies on detailed biochemical and
2021-09-10

Recent studies on detailed biochemical and structural characterization of plant GSNOR AZD6482 sale confirmed their similarities to mammalian homologues [16], [17], [18], [19]. Compared to human GSNOR, plant GSNORs exhibit differences in the composition of the anion-binding pocket, which negatively
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The difference in the expression of functional
2021-09-10

The difference in the expression of functional FFARs between neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages suggests that the role of FFA2R may be restricted to the very early phase of acute inflammation where neutrophils are dominating players called into action, whereas GPR84 may have a broader functional
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